{"id":2666,"date":"2025-11-18T13:36:39","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T04:36:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mediwhale.com\/ko\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=2666"},"modified":"2025-11-18T13:36:39","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T04:36:39","slug":"deep-learning-based-retinal-biomarker-captures-cardiovascular-risk-in-hypertensive-abnormal-dippers-beyond-conventional-metrics","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/mediwhale.com\/ko\/publication\/deep-learning-based-retinal-biomarker-captures-cardiovascular-risk-in-hypertensive-abnormal-dippers-beyond-conventional-metrics\/","title":{"rendered":"Deep Learning-Based Retinal Biomarker Captures Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Abnormal Dippers Beyond Conventional Metrics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Among hypertensive subtypes, abnormal dippers \u2014 including non-dippers and risers \u2014 are characterized by blunted nocturnal blood pressure (BP) declines and are associated with poor prognosis. However, limited data exist on their relationship with deep learning-derived retinal biomarkers for cardiovascular risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hypothesis<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>We hypothesized that hypertensive individuals with abnormal dipping patterns would have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than normal dippers and that a retinal deep learning-based CVD risk score (Dr.Noon CVD score) would reflect higher cardiovascular burden from nocturnal hypertension compared to traditional risk markers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Goals<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This study aimed to compare carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), coronary artery calcification (CAC), and a deep learning-based retinal biomarker between normal and abnormal dippers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Methods<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>We analyzed 901 hypertensive patients from a 10-year prospective cohort at Severance Hospital, categorizing them as normal (&gt;10% nocturnal drop, N = 463) or abnormal dippers (&lt;10%, N = 438). Group comparisons of clinical variables were performed using chi-squared or nonparametric tests. CVD incidence was assessed by survival analysis. CIMT, CAC, and Dr.Noon CVD scores were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Multivariate analyses adjusted for age, gender, and BMI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Results<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Over 10 years, abnormal dippers had a higher cumulative incidence (p = 0.027) and adjusted hazard ratio of CVD events (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.09-3.39). Age, gender, and BMI did not differ between groups (p &gt; 0.05). Daytime BP was higher in normal dippers (135\/82 vs. 132\/80 mmHg; p &lt; 0.006), while nighttime BP was higher in abnormal dippers (113\/69 vs. 128\/76 mmHg; p &lt; 0.001). CIMT did not differ (p = 0.297), and CAC showed a borderline difference (p = 0.068). The Dr.Noon CVD score was higher in abnormal dippers (p = 0.006). In multivariate linear regression, abnormal dippers had a 2.08-point higher Dr.Noon CVD score compared to normal dippers (p &lt; 0.001). Each one-year increase in age was associated with a 0.59-point increase (p &lt; 0.001), suggesting abnormal dipping is comparable to around three years of aging regarding CVD risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Abnormal nocturnal BP patterns are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Traditional risk markers did not fully capture this difference, whereas the deep learning-based retinal biomarker reflected the increased risk, likely due to its sensitivity to microvascular changes from nocturnal hypertension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","publication_type_categories":[12],"publication_categories":[16],"class_list":["post-2666","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mediwhale.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/2666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mediwhale.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mediwhale.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mediwhale.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/2666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2667,"href":"https:\/\/mediwhale.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/2666\/revisions\/2667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mediwhale.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"publication_type_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mediwhale.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_type_categories?post=2666"},{"taxonomy":"publication_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mediwhale.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication_categories?post=2666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}